Samsung is top 2012 phone brand

WASHINGTON: Samsung has overtaken Nokia as the top mobile phone brand for 2012 and has opened up a decisive lead over Apple in the smartphone market, a research firm said Tuesday.

This will mark the first time in 14 years that Finnish-based Nokia will not sit atop the global mobile phone business on an annual basis, according to IHS iSuppli.

Samsung is expected to account for 29 per cent of worldwide cellphone shipments, up from 24 per cent in 2011, according to the IHS, which said Nokia's share dropped to 24 per cent from 30 per cent.

This will mark the first time the South Korean electronics giant will occupy the top on a yearly basis, IHS said.

Samsung has also extended its lead over Apple as the top maker of smartphones worldwide, the survey said. Samsung will have 28 per cent of the market, up from 20 per cent in 2011, while Apple's share will rise in 2012 to to 20 per cent from 19 per cent.

"The competitive reality of the cellphone market in 2012 was 'live by the smartphone; die by the smartphone,'" said Wayne Lam, senior analyst at IHS.

"Smartphones represent the fastest-growing segment of the cellphone market and will account for nearly half of all wireless handset shipments for all of 2012. Samsung's successes and Nokia's struggles in the cellphone market this year were determined entirely by the two companies' divergent fortunes in the smartphone sector."

IHS said global smartphone shipments are set to rise by 35.5 per cent this year, while overall cellphone shipments will increase by just one per cent. This will propel 2012 smartphone penetration to 47 per cent, up from 35 per cent in 2011.

IHS noted that Samsung produces dozens of smartphone models every year that address all segments of the market, from the high-end to the low-end. Nokia is transitioning its smartphone line to the Windows operating system, resulting in declining shipments for the company.

Sales of Nokia's older Symbian-based phones have plunged, while its new Microsoft Windows-based handsets have been modest so far.

IHS said Samsung, which was in a tight battle in 2011 with Apple, has moved ahead decisively ahead of the California giant with a wide range of Android smartphone offerings, while Apple limited its smartphones to the premium iPhone line.

The report said BlackBerry maker Research in Motion will see its market share fall to five per cent in 2012, from 11 per cent in 2011.

IHS said it expects smartphones gains to accelerate in 2013, and to account for 56 per cent of the mobile phone market.

- AFP/fa

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Economists cast doubt on cash transfer, say violence limits freedom of choice for women

NEW DELHI: Increasing violence against women limits their freedom of choice. That casts doubt on the efficacy of policy decisions like cash transfer through which the UPA government aims to give women freedom of choice and empower the poor.

Calling cash transfer the "big elephant in the room", IIM-Bangalore professor Gita Sen said, "Given the rising violence against women and denial of rights to them, what would be the actual participation of the women and the community (in cash transfer)?"

She was speaking at a programme where UN Women, Planning Commission and the women and child development ministry highlighted the need to prioritize women in national schemes. Sen wondered who would work out the details of the scheme that aims to reach places which are untouched by technology.

Leading economists and UN Women examined eight national flagship schemes for their impact on women. "From our comprehensive review of these schemes, it is clear that much more needs to be done to put the right approaches in place on issues such as economic participation of women," said Anne F Stenhammer, regional programme director of UN Women South Asia.

The economists found that women were adversely affected by schemes for infrastructure and manufacturing. Analyzing the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), they found the programme has, in many instances, led to displacement of traditional livelihoods of poor women. "We recommend a thorough review of the policy for its impact on the livelihoods of urban poor at the inception stage itself," Yamini Mishra of UN Women said.

WCD minister Krishna Tirath launched a set of eight policy briefs — 'Policies are not Gender Neutral'. "With the inputs from these economists, we will now work with the concerned line ministries to convince them to take action that the gender gaps identified in key policies and sectors are implemented," Tirath said.

Talking about cash transfer, Sen of IIM-Bangalore said it was a demand side intervention. "It's as if the government is throwing up its hands and expressing its inability to improve the supply side intervention or improve the access to quality of services," she added.

Demand side financing directs attention away from supply side financing, she said. Drawing upon past experience of similar schemes, Sen said, "Since institutional delivery is not safe, give them the money and the job is done... What is the voice of the community, of the women in this? Have they told you what kind of improvement they need?"

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Pictures: "Beautiful" Geminid Meteor Showers Grace Skies

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  Over the Dunes

  
  Photograph courtesy Jack Fusco

  A Geminid meteor streaks across the sky above the beach in Ocean City, New Jersey, in a picture taken December 14. The piles come from sand blown onto city streets during Hurricane Sandy.

  The annual Geminid meteor shower, which peaked last weekend, usually produces dozens of shooting stars per hour—making it one of the strongest and most reliable celestial shows around.

  (Related: "Sky-watchers Get Set for Cosmic Fireworks Show.")

  Published December 18, 2012

  
  











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  Radiant Skies

  
  Photograph by Wally Pacholka, TWAN

  Ten meteors on seven different frames combined to show the radiant—the point in the sky from which the Geminid meteors appear to originate.

  The picture was taken December 14 in Yosemite Valley, California.

  Published December 18, 2012

  
  











• 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

  Barnstormer

  
  Photograph by Jeffrey Phelps, AP

  A Geminid meteor zooms over a barn in Saukville, Wisconsin, on December 14.

  Historically the Geminids were overlooked by most amateur astronomers simply because the annual event occurs so close to the busy holiday season and frigid winter nights—but that's beginning to change thanks to its rising intensity over the past few decades.

  Published December 18, 2012

  
  











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  Soaking It In

  
  Photograph by Abir Sultan, European Pressphoto Agency

  Israelis relax in a hot spring near the Dead Sea during the peak of the Geminid meteor shower in a long-exposure photograph taken December 14.  

  Since Geminids hit the atmosphere at about 20 miles per second (32 kilometers per second)—slower than other meteor showers—they create beautiful long arcs across the sky that can last for a second or two.

  Published December 18, 2012

  
  











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  Mountain High

  
  Photograph by Tom Cuccio, Your Shot

  Geminids slice the sky over a glittering Aspen, Colorado, in a picture taken December 14.

  Geminid meteors appear to radiate from the shower's namesake constellation, Gemini, the twins from Greek legend.

  Published December 18, 2012

  
  











• 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

  Jersey Geminid

  
  Photograph by Jay Cassario, My Shot

  A Geminid shoots over the Hurricane Sandy-damaged remains of the 59th Street Pier in Ocean City, New Jersey, on December 14.

  Most annual meteor showers happen when Earth passes through clouds of debris left behind by passing comets, causing tons of dust to rain down on the planet in short periods of time.

  The Geminids are unusual, though, because they're thought to be the only annual meteor shower created by an asteroid-like object: 3200 Phaethon.

  Published December 18, 2012

  
  











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  Night Lights

  
  Photograph by Sunna Gautadottir, Your Shot

  Geminid meteors light the sky over Borgarnes, Iceland, on December 15.

  "There were so many of them," said photographer Sunna Gautadottir, "and it was just way too beautiful to describe in words."

  Published December 18, 2012

  
  











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  Photograph courtesy Dennis di Cicco, Sky & Telescope

  Published December 18, 2012

  
  

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Can Cops Read Shooter's Sabotaged Computer?

Sandy Hook Elementary School shooter Adam Lanza may have tried to sabotage his own computer before going on a murderous rampage that claimed the lives of 20 children, but experienced investigators said today that law enforcement forensic experts could still recover critical evidence from the damaged drives.

Connecticut State Police Lt. Paul Vance revealed Monday that a computer crimes unit was working in conjunction with a forensics laboratory to "dissect" any evidence relevant to the case, but he declined to comment further on what type of evidence was involved and in what condition it was in. Later that day, law enforcement officials told ABC News that police recovered a badly damaged computer from Lanza's home that appeared to have been attacked by a hammer or screwdriver.

Sources said if they can still read the computer's hard drive, they hope to find critical clues that may help explain Lanza's motives in the killing.

Former FBI forensic experts told ABC News that in cases similar to this one, damage to the computer does not necessarily mean the computer files cannot be accessed.

"If he took a hammer to the outside, smashed the screen, dented the box, it's more than likely the hard drive is still intact," said Al Johnson, a retired FBI special agent who now works privately examining digital evidence and computer data. "And even if the hard drive itself is damaged, there are still steps that can be taken to recover everything."

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Brett Harrison, a former FBI computer forensics expert who now works with a D.C. consulting firm, said that authorities have a great deal of technology at their disposal to retrieve that data. How much is recovered, he said, will depend entirely on how much damage was done to the well-insulated "platters" -- discs lodged deep inside the machine -- where Lanza's every digital footstep was recorded.

It is likely, he said, that Lanza's computer has been moved to a "clean room" where, if the discs are intact, they could be removed and then carefully re-inserted in a fresh hard drive. If the calibrations are done correctly, investigators would still be able to unlock the clues on the discs.

If the discs aren't in perfect condition, Harrison said, "There is equipment they can use to read the data off a record even if a portion of it is damaged."

Johnson said it is tedious work done in a clean environment because the tolerances of the discs is so precise – even a particle of dust could destroy crucial evidence.

"We're talking about a tolerance of less than a human hair," said Johnson, who now does computer forensics for a South Carolina-based investigative firm.

Police have not said exactly what they expect to find on the computer's hard drive, but the former FBI experts said typically there could be record of visits to violent web sites, or to online stores that sell ammunition, or to email that might reveal if Lanza shared any hints of his plans with others.

"I'm not big on speculation," Harrison said, "but you're talking about potentially finding all the normal things that people do with their computer – Facebook pages, internet activity, email, you name it."

For now, the FBI is keeping mum on what kind of computer forensic help it could be offering in the case.

"At this time, in deference to the ongoing investigation being conducted by the CSP, the FBI is not releasing information regarding operational or forensic assistance provided in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting," an FBI spokesperson said.

Click Here for the Blotter Homepage.

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Manchin, Warner change stances on gun rights in wake of Newtown shootings

As funerals began in Connecticut on Monday, there was further proof that Friday’s mass shooting has reawakened a long-dormant debate in Washington: whether, and how, to limit assault weapons like the one used by the gunman at Sandy Hook Elementary School.

White House spokesman Jay Carney said on Monday that President Obama supports reinstating an assault weapons ban and is likely to advocate other measures soon.

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Big turn-out at Punggol East Meet-the-People Session

SINGAPORE: While a typical Meet-the-People Session (MPS) at Punggol East would see about 50 residents seeking their Member of Parliament (MP) each week, Monday night's session - the first since former MP Michael Palmer resigned last week over an extramarital affair - saw a queue of about 50 people even before the session began.

The Monday night's MPS was conducted by Deputy Prime Minister and Pasir Ris-Punggol GRC MP Teo Chee Hean, who held a combined session with residents from his Pasir Ris West ward.

Nevertheless, grassroots leaders said that most of the residents who turned up at the MPS, which was held at the PAP Community Foundation's Punggol East Education Centre at Blk 124A Rivervale Drive, were from the Punggol East Single Member Constituency.

Residents who TODAY spoke to were there mainly to seek help on getting rental flats or appealing against penalties for their traffic offences.

One resident, Madam Mani, 64, said she was worried about whether there would be continuity for her case after Mr Palmer's resignation.

She is looking for a rental flat and said she had seen Mr Palmer a few times and he told her not to worry about her case. "I hope they will take care of us, just as what Mr Palmer has done," she said.

Another resident, a taxi driver who declined to be named, said he felt assured by the fact that a minister was handling the MPS. "He has weight, let's put it that way."

- TODAY

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Cong needs Himachal win to stall anti-UPA slide

NEW DELHI: The unanimous forecast of a BJP landslide in Gujarat has made it imperative for Congress to win Himachal Pradesh, lest a washout is seen as evidence of anti-UPA sentiment across the country.

Assembly elections in the two states were never seen by experts as a real contest, with Gujarat put in the saffron column much before the votes were cast. The reports of BJP rebel Keshubhai Patel denting Narendra Modi in Saurashtra raised prospects of Modi coming down from the 2007 tally but without any chance for Congress.

However, the exit poll findings of BJP sweeping Gujarat with a higher tally have raised the stakes for Congress to show electoral parity with a strong victory in Himachal.

A washout will inevitably be seen as evidence of general unrest against the Centre while defeat in just Gujarat can be reasoned on the state being a "special case".

Experts would see UPA's unpopularity over price rise, corruption and malgovernance as the common thread to Congress defeat in the northern hill state and a western state. The verdict could hurt the Centre since PM Manmohan Singh has just kick-started reforms to try and wrest back the initiative.

The perception of an anti-UPA sentiment could be debilitating for Congress. The ruling party has been looking to regain the upper hand with allies and dispel the notion that 2014 could be the time for regional parties, a view that weakens its bargaining power. Congress's strong show in 2009 had made it a one-way street.

A section of Congressmen are bound to seize on the setback to seek a pushback against reforms that the PM views as indispensable for the economy. The subsidy cap on LPG may emerge a big villain if the party suffers a setback in Himachal. There is already a clamour that the cap on subsidized cylinders be raised not just to nine but 12.

However, the biggest worry could be the leadership issue. Congress has already pitchforked Rahul Gandhi to leadership position and said he would lead the party campaign in 2014. It would normally push him as prime ministerial candidate of the secular alliance.

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Crayfish Harbor Fungus That’s Wiping Out Amphibians

Scientists have found a new culprit in spreading the disease that's been driving the world's frogs to the brink of extinction: crayfish.

In the last few decades, the disease caused by the chytrid fungus has been a disaster for frogs and other amphibians. More than 300 species are nearly extinct because of it. Many probably have gone extinct, but it can be difficult to know for sure when a tiny, rare species disappears from the face of the Earth. (Related photos: "Ten Most Wanted 'Extinct' Amphibians.")

"This pathogen is bad news. It's worse news than any other pathogen in the history of life on Earth as far as we know it," says Vance Vredenburg, a conservation biologist at San Francisco State University who studies frogs but did not work on the new study.

The chytrid fungus was only discovered in the late 1990s. Since then, scientists have been scrambling to figure out how it spreads and how it works.

One of the biggest mysteries is how chytrid can persist in a frogless pond. Researchers saw it happen many times and were perplexed: If all of a pond's amphibians were wiped out, and a few frogs or salamanders came back and recolonized the pond, they would also die—even though there were no amphibians in the pond to harbor the disease. (Learn about vanishing amphibians.)

One possible reason is that chytrid infects other animals. For a study published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Taegan McMahon, a graduate student in ecology at the University of South Florida in Tampa, looked at some possible suspects and focused on crayfish, those lobsterlike crustaceans living in freshwater. They seemed like a good possibility because they're widespread and because their bodies have a lot of keratin, a protein the fungus attacks.

In the lab, McMahon exposed crayfish to the disease and they got sick. More than a third died within seven weeks, and most of the survivors were carrying the fungus. She also put infected crayfish in the water with tadpoles—separated by mesh, so the crustaceans wouldn't eat the baby frogs—and the tadpoles got infected. When McMahon and her colleagues checked out wetlands in Louisiana and Colorado, they also found infected crayfish.

That means crayfish can probably act as a reservoir for the disease. The fungus seems to be able to dine on crayfish then leap back to amphibians when it gets a chance. No one knows for sure where the fungus originally came from or why it's been such a problem in recent decades, but this research suggests one way that it could have been spread. Crayfish are sometimes moved from pond to pond as fish bait and are sold around the world as food and aquarium pets. (Related photos: "New Giant 'Bearded' Crayfish Species.")

The study doesn't answer every last question about the disease. For one thing, crayfish are common, but they aren't everywhere; there are no crayfish in some of the places where frogs have been hardest hit, Vredenburg says. But, he says, the new research shows that "we need to start looking a little more broadly at other potential hosts."

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Gunman's Computer Damaged, Drive Possibly Ruined

A computer at the Connecticut home where Newtown, Conn., school shooter Adam Lanza lived with his mother was badly damaged, perhaps smashed with a hammer, said police who hope the machine might still yield clues to the gunman's motive.

The computer's hard drive appeared to have been badly damaged with a hammer or screw driver, law enforcement authorities told ABC News, complicating efforts to exploit it for evidence.

Officials have "seized significant evidence at [Lanza's] residence," said Connecticut State Police spokesman Paul Vance, adding that the process of sifting through that much forensic evidence would be a lengthy and "painstaking process."

Authorities also told ABC News that the weapons used in Friday's rampage at Sandyhook Elementary School, which left dead 20 children and seven adults including Lanza's mother Nancy, were purchased by his mother between 2010 and 2012.

According to the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms, Lanza visited shooting ranges several times in recent years, and went at least one time with his mother.

The first funeral for a child killed in the massacre was held today in Fairfield, Conn., where mourners gathered to remember the too-short life of first-grader Noah Pozner.

Authorities also revealed this morning that two adult women shot during the rampage survived and their accounts will likely be integral to the investigation.

"Investigators will, in fact, speak with them when it's medically appropriate and they will shed a great deal of light on the facts and circumstances of this tragic investigation," Connecticut State Police Lt. Paul Vance said at a news conference today.

Both survivors are women and are now home from the hospital after being shot, police said. Officials had previously mentioned just one adult survivor. The women have not been identified and police did not give details on their injuries.

READ MORE: School nurse hid from gunman.

Both adults, Vance said, were wounded in the "lower extremities," but did not indicate where in the building they were when they were injured.

Moving trucks were seen outside Sandy Hook Elementary School this morning, as school officials prepare to move furniture and supplies to a vacant school in neighboring Monroe.

Sandy Hook itself will remain a secure crime scene "indefinitely," said Vance.

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CLICK HERE for complete coverage of the tragedy at Sandy Hook.

Police say Adam Lanza, 20, forced his way into Sandy Hook Elementary School on Friday, spraying bullets on students and faculty. Lanza killed 20 children and six adults before turning the gun on himself.

Lanza also killed his mother Nancy Lanza at the home they shared before going to school.

"There are many, many witnesses that need to be interviewed," Vance said. "We will not stop until we have interviewed every last one of them."

Vance said the investigation could take weeks or months to complete. "It's not something done in 60 minutes like you see on T.V."

Some of the other key witnesses will be children who survived the shooting spree by playing dead, hiding in closets and bathrooms and being rescued by dedicated teachers.

"Any interviews with any children will be done with professionals...as appropriate," Vance said. "We'll handle that extremely delicately when the time arises."

CLICK HERE for a tribute to the shooting victims.

The first funerals for victims of the shooting are today, beginning with 6-year-olds Noah Pozner and Jack Pinto.

Officials said today that the Sandy Hook Elementary School, where the shooting took place, will be closed "indefinitely."

Both the school and the home where shootings took place are being held by police as crime scenes and Vance predicted authorities would spend "months" investigating the elementary school.

All Newtown schools are closed today to give residents more time to cope. Every school except for Sandy Hook is expected to re-open Tuesday.

The town of Monroe has offered to open to Sandy Hook students the Chalk Hill School, a former middle school that currently houses the town's EMS and recreational departments.

Officials in Monroe, less than 10 miles from Newtown, say the building could be ready for students by the end of the week, but have not yet set a date to resume classes.

Nearly 100 volunteers are working to ensure the building complies with fire and security regulations and are working to retorfit the school with bathroom facilities for young children.

"We're working to make the school safe and secure for students," said Monroe Police Department spokesman Lt. Brian H. McCauley.

The neighboring community's school is expected to be ready to accommodate students in the next few days, though an exact schedule has not yet been published.

While the families grieve, federal and state authorities are working around the clock to answer the question on so many minds: "Why?"

ABC News has learned that investigators have seized computers belonging to Adam Lanza from the home he shared with his mother. Three weapons were found at the school scene and a fourth was recovered from Lanza's car. Lanza had hundreds of rounds and used multiple high-capacity magazines when he went on the rampage, according to Connecticut State Police.

Vance said that every single electronic device, weapon and round will be thoroughly examined and investigated as well as every aspect of Lanza's life going "back to the date of birth."

ABC News has learned that both the shooter and his mother spent time at an area gun range; however it was not yet known whether they had shot there.

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Electoral college set to vote on President Obama’s reelection

President Obama hasn’t officially secured a second term in the White House. Technically, that won’t happen until the electoral college casts its ballots Monday — presumably in favor of the winner for each state.

Even then, Congress has to formally declare Obama the victor after counting the electoral votes on Jan. 6.

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